Argo
Probably a short form or altered spelling of a Germanic or regional surname, though the evidence is too thin to be sure.
The #8,635 most common surname in the United States (2010 Census) — about 1 in every 81,078 Americans shares it.
Etymology
The historical material supplied does not give a direct surname entry for Argo, but it does point to older Germanic forms such as Argo, Archo, Araho, Ercho, and related spellings. That suggests Argo may belong to a Germanic name family, perhaps as a shortened or altered form of an older personal name. The literal meaning is not secure from these excerpts alone.
History
Because the excerpts are incidental rather than a true headword entry, there is no firm historical trail for the surname itself. The name is attested today in the United States, but the old dictionary material available here is not enough to connect it confidently to a specific country, language, or migration path. The classical ship-name Argo is unrelated unless a family adopted it later as a literary or ornamental form.
Origin
Regions
Variant spellings
Fun fact
The name Argo is also famous from Greek mythology as the ship of Jason and the Argonauts, which sometimes leads to confusion with family names of similar spelling.
From the historical record
“mulas. Aro. Cerco de madera, hierro u otra materia. La argo- lla'o anillo grande de hierro con su espigon movible, que sirve para el juego llamado de la argolla. Planta perenne que crece hasta la altura de un pié i medio. Aroca. Especie de lienzo de poco mas de tres cuartas”
— Diccionario de los apellidos