William
A patronymic surname from the personal name William, ultimately meaning “resolute protector.”
The #2,694 most common surname in the United States (2010 Census) — about 1 in every 23,087 Americans shares it.
Etymology
This surname comes from the given name William, which entered English through Anglo-French from a Germanic personal name, Wilhelm. The name is traditionally explained as having the elements meaning “will” or “desire” plus “helmet” or “protection,” so the sense is often given as “resolute protector” or “willful guardian.” As a surname, William is simply a rare form based directly on the baptismal name rather than one of its more common derivatives.
History
Medieval and early modern English surnames more often formed patronymics such as Williams, Williamson, or Wilson than the bare given name William itself, so William as a hereditary surname is comparatively uncommon. Nineteenth-century surname writers also noted that the personal name generated an unusually large family of derivative surnames. The given name became especially widespread in England after the Norman Conquest, which helped spread surnames built from it.
Origin
Regions
Variant spellings
Fun fact
Lower specifically remarked that William had produced more surname derivatives than almost any other baptismal name.
From the historical record
“WILLGOOSE for Wildgoose, q.v. WILLIAM (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Beloved Helm(et, i.e. Protector [for the first elem. see under Wilier, and + O.Teut. helm, as in O.E., O.Fris., O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. helm = O.N. hjdlm-r = Goth. hilm-s] Although Wilhelm is given in the A.-Saxon genealogies as being the name of a…”
— Surnames of the United Kingdom: a concise etymological dictionary (2 vols in 1)